Indonesia Portal Blog

Although Badminton is the favourite sport in Indonesia, the interest in soccer is growing slowly.

Every region has got an own soccer club, also the indonesian soccer association is already existing since 1930.

The history of the indonesian soccer association

The indonesian soccer association was founded in April, 19th 1930, by a construction engineer, named Soeratin Sosrosoegondo. Soeratin Sosrosoegondo was returning to indonesia after he finished his studies in germany.

First, he worked shortly for a dutch company, but he canceled his job and was supporting the movement of independence, instead.

The founding of the Indonesian soccer association belonged to this support. By founding an own Indonesian soccer association he tried to repel the influence of the dutch-dominated soccer association, named NIVB (Nederlands Indische Voetbal Bond).

He organized several meetings with pro-soccer players and representatives of the regional soccer organisations to unite them in a new Indonesian association, wich should be independent from the colonial power, presented by the NIVB.

On April, the 30th 1930 the last meeting was hold in Jakarta. Nearly all regional soccer organizations were present.

Among other, the Bandoengsche Voetbal Bond“ (Bandung, West Java), the „Persatuan Sepakbola Mataram“ (Yogyakarta, Central Java), the „Madioensche Voetbal Bond“ (Madiun, Ost Java), the „Indonesische Voetbal Bond Magelang“ (Magelang, Central Java), the „Soerabajashe Indonesische Voetbal Bond“ (Surabaya, Ost Java) and the „Vortenlandsche Voetbal Bond“(Solo, Central Java).

All this regional associations were united I the PSSI (Persatoean Sepak Bola Seloeroeh Indonesia) on that day. Soeratin Sosrosoegondo became the director of the PSSI.

Logo of indonesian football assciation PSSI

The influence and importance of PSSI was growing fast. A while the PSSI worked hand in hand with the NIVB, wich changed their name to NIVU (Nederlandsh Indische Voetbal Unie), but just until 1939.

In 1938 the NIVU (former NIVB) was sending a soccer team to the soccer world cup, the players were mainly organized in the PSSI. But, because the team entered the World cup beneath the dutch banner, wich caused massive protest from representatives of the PSSI and ended with the breakup between NIVU und PSSI.

During the Japanese occupation, the PSSI wasn´t active, because japan tried to integrate all soccer clubs in the japanese sport association.

After ending of the occupation the PSSI revived. In 1954 PSSI became member of FIFA and in 1954 member of the AFV (asian football confederation).

Painting on a indonesian stadium wall

The indonesian soccer-league

1. „Divis Utama“ oder „Djarum Indonesia“(Djarum ist mostly supported and financed by the tobacco producer „Djarum“). It is mostly compareble with the major league or premier league.
2. „Divisi I“ – compareable to the second league or the English football league
3. Divis II – Amateur League
4. Liga Yunior – Youth League, consisting of U-15 (player at the age of 15+), U-18 (players at the age of 18+) and U-23 (players at the age of 23+).
5. Liga Wanita – Womens soccer league

The indonesian national soccer team

First international match:
The first match was in 1934 on the Philippines. Indonesia lost 2:0 against china.

First appearence at the World Cup:
The first and appearance, as the first asian team at a world cup was in 1938. In this time the team was still dominated by the NIVU (Nederlandsh Indische Voetbal Unie), wich was mainly controlled by the dutch colonial power.

Also they entered the world cup beneath the dutch banner. Because many players already were organized in the PSSI this circumstate lead to drastic protests in indonesia.

As a consequence of ths incident the the cooperation between NIVU and PSSI ended in 1939. Since 1938 could not qualify again for entering the world cup.

Biggest succes:
On December the 23th indonesia won 13:0 against the philippines in jakarta, indonesia.

Biggest failure:
On September, the 3rd against denmark. Indonesia lose 0:9 in copenhagen.

The actual (2007) Fifa ranking of Indonesia is place 149. Since 1996 indonesia was qualified for the asian cup three times. But failed always in the preliminary round.

Odds in Indonesian soccer

Beside the possibility to buy tickets for soccer matches on the black market, you may have the alternative to rent a ladder and climb onto the stadium wall.

Next to the stadium, it is possible to buy fan-articles (normally just illegal copies), also food and drinks.

You can also carry food and drinks into the stadium, which sometimes (at bad games) leads to a rubbished field.

When big away-games ahead ist often possible for fans to travel by train for free. Also they don’t have to provide much money to get food or drinks.

Often fans of the own team, who work or live in the area of the opposite team support their fellow fans proudly with food and drink for free or at least very cheap.

Also because of overfilled trains, sometimes it came to accidents, because people, who were sitting on top of the train fell of or were hurt by an electric shock.

Fans, who don´t like to go to the stadium and watch the match on TV, may often run furiously out of their house, because high frequency of power blackouts in Indonesia.

Autor:
Marc & Vania Koeberlein

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Author: M. Tohirin Hasan,
Translation: Marc Koeberlein

Introduction

Education is very important, especially for indonesia. As an emerging nation, indonesia needs education to get out of state of underdevelopment.

With a good education, the upcoming generations can help to push the progress of development of their country by taking an active part in this progress.

Since 1945, when indonesia became independet, the country tries to build up its educational system and knows how important it is. Of course, the system is still backwarded, compared to other western or asian countries, but very slowly it will be improved.

Stages of indonesias educational system

1. the pre school - children from 1 to 4 years

2. the kindergarten (TK = taman kanak kanak) - 4 to 6 years

3. public primary school (SD = Sekolah Dasar ) or muslm primary school (MI = Madrasah Ibtidaiyah) - 6 to 12 years

4. public grammar school (SMP = Sekolah Menengah Pertama ) or muslim grammar school (MTS = Madrasah Tsanawiyah) - 12 to 15 years

5. public high school (SMA = Sekolah Menengah Atas) or muslim high school (MA = Madrasah Aliyah) - 15 to 18 years

6. college or university (ST = Sekolah Tinggi or Universitas)

The possible degrees are D1, D2, D3, D4 as well as S1 (Bachelor), S2 (Master of Arts) and S3 (Doctor).

An oddity of indonesias education system ist, that students can end their already after 1, 2, 3 or 4 years. This degrees are called “Diploma (D1, D2, D3, D4)”.

Of course this degrees are low of value and even graduates with a bachelor degree have difficulties to find an adequate job after finishing the College.

Indonesian Students

Different types of proprietary education in indonesia

Beside the formal education (primary school, grammer school etc.) the educational law of indonesia aids the nonformal eduction (pre-school, kindergarten) and informal education (courses, study groups etc).

The problems of indonesias education system

The indonesian gouverment invested a lot in education in the past years and did accomplish the following goals:

1. Formely, indonesia had an central based education system, wich provided the same curricula for every region and tried to reach the same quality in all regions.

Since a while, the system was decentralised.Every region is now eligible to regulate its curriculum by itself. The department of education just tries to reach similair standards in all regions.

2. The curricula got improved. The former curricula just concerned with theoretical lessons. The improved curricula is focussing a bit more on practice and the participation of students to improve the curriculum.

3. The salaries of teachers, but also the demands on the teaching staff were increased.

A little while ago teachers didn´t need a teaching certificate. Everyone could be a tutor on schools and universities. Of course the quality of education was mostly worse. Sometimes students even were teached wrong in many areas.

Since 2003 teaching certificates are an obligation to get an accreditation to teach at schools and universities. It helped a lot to improve the quality of the tuition.

Despite this improvement, there are still many problems in indonesias education system. A few will be mentioned in the following text.

Problems in primary school

The primary school is still very problematic, because many children between 7 and 15, never visited a school. Also the amount of dropouts is very high.

Furthermore yearly, about more than 500.000 primary school students couldn´t reach the qualification for grammar school, beacause of their lack of education.

This is mostly caused by underfinanced schools. The teaching material is mostly outdated or not even available also the teachers are underpayed.

The origin of this problem was amongst others, the late introduction of compulsory education. The compulsory education (9 years) exists not until 1994.

The gouverment wanted to complete this program till 2003, but they failed, because of many problems that impended the process. Mostly beacuse of lack of fundings.

The new primary goals of the ministry of education till 2008 are:

1. 95 % of all students, especially female students and children of poor families, should be able to reach the qualification for grammar school.

2. male and female students should get the same chances in all kind of schools.

3. The instruction of teachers and the provided teaching material should be improved.

If this goals can be reached is depending on the alloted funds.

Problems in tertiary education

The tertiary education is playing a decisive role in the developing progress of indonesia. For one thing to modernize the country, for another thing to build up indonesia human capital.

The amount of tertiary aspirants is rising, every year and also the amount of graduates. In the year 2005, 2,9 million students, on 80 state and 1700 private universities, completed their degree.

These are 12 % of the total population. until 2020 this rate will raise to 25 % or 6,2 million (Fadjar, 2005).

The problem here is still the quality of education. Many degree holders with a bachelor aren´t able to find a adequate job.

This is caused for one thing, because the indonesian degrees can´t compete against the international degrees. For another thing, the reconciliation between industry and universities isn´t perfect.

Sources:

Fadjar, A. Malik. 2005. Holistika Pemikiran Pendidikan. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. 2006. Program Gerakan Nasional Percepatan Penuntasan Wajib Belajar Sembilan tahun. Jakarta: Depdiknas

UU Republik Indonesia No.20 Tahun 2003 Tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Surabaya: Penerbit Karina

UU Republik Indonesia No. 14 Tahun 2005 Tentang Guru dan Dosen. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika

>Author:

M. Tohirin Hasan adalah Dosen Luar Biasa Jurusan Teknologi Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang; Direktur Ekskutif Center for Education and Social Studies (CESS), Malang

Alamat: Jl. Candi 2A No. 383 Karangbesuki, Sukun, Malang,
Jawa Timur, Indonesia

Email: tohirinhasan (at) yahoo.com,
he_riends (at) yahoo.com

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